Which term describes a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals?

The term that describes a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals is "transducer." A transducer is a broad category of devices that transforms one form of energy into another. In the context of hearing devices, a transducer typically refers to the microphone component, which captures sound waves from the environment and converts them into electrical signals that can then be processed.

This conversion is fundamental in hearing aids and other audio devices, as these electrical signals can be amplified or modified to improve sound perception for the user. Other devices mentioned, such as the receiver and amplifier, perform distinct functions; the receiver typically outputs sound after processing, and the amplifier increases the strength of the electrical signals. The term "transmitter" primarily relates to sending signals rather than converting them. Therefore, identifying "transducer" as the correct answer highlights its critical role in transforming acoustic energy into a format suitable for electronic processing.